
Parmigiano-Reggiano
- P.G. Finns dokumenterad sedan 12-1300-talet.
- P.G. Har hela tiden endast producerats endast med mjölk, löpe från kalv, salt och eld.
- Zona tipica. - Framställs i regionerna Parma, Reggio Emilia, Modena, södra Mantova & norra Bologna. (Mantova sydöst om Po, Bologna norväst om Reno)
- Mjölkkor föds på endast hö och gräs.
- Hårdost, ej pastöriserad, kokt men ej pressad, rå mjölk lätt skummad, mjölken kommer direkt från mjölkningen av korna. Två efterföljande mjölkningar används för varje kokning.
- Osten tillverkas dagligen året om och därför förekommer viss variation.
- P.G görs av 700 små till medelstora mejerier som representerar 9000 mjölkbönder.
- De små produktionslokalerna kallas casello , här tillverkas 4-10 ostar per dag.
- En ost väger 35-40 kg. Maxvikt är 44 kg.
- Det går åt ca 16 liter mjölk för att göra 1 kg ost, ca 640 liter/ost
- Produktion; Mjölken värms i kopparkittel, del av föregående ostmassa används som startkultur för fermentering. Mjölken värms till 33°C. Löpe tillsätts. Koagulering tar 12-15 min. Ostmassan delas med en sk spino. Temperaturen på ostmassan höjs sakta till 55°C. Värmen tas bort, massan får vila 30 min och samlas på botten, lyfts med en träspade och samlas i en ostduk för att lyftas ur kokkärlet. Massan läggs i en stor ostform och sista vasslen får rinna av. I ostformen finns en mall som lämnar en relief med orden Parmigiano-Reggiano över ostens sida.
- Osten vänds regelbundet tills massan stelnat och det går att ta den ur sin form.
- Därefter ligger den i saltlag 20-25 dagar.
- Osten lagras sedan på trähyllor i stora lagerhus, 18, 24 eller 36 månader. Den vänds då och då.
- Lagerhusen är ofta kooperativ som även bistår med finansiering. De lagrar ofta 100-200 tusen ostar.
- Före osten når marknaden kontrolleras varje ost av Consorzio Tutela Parmigiano Reggiano efter kontroll får den -brännstämpel samt märks med ett nummer för resp osttillverkare samt år/mån för tillagning.
- Årligen produceras ca 2.700.000 ostar
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